Welcome to Github Workshop!!

Setup

Make sure you follow these steps thoroughly:

Git

Download Git here
Install Git on your machine
Open your terminal
Run the following code:
```
git --version
```
If you see the git version printed on your terminal good job!!!

Github

Do you have a Github account?

If yes, then ignore the instructions below and move to the text editor step

If you do not have a Github account head to this site and make one

Open up a text editor (Notepad, VS-Code, Sublime, nano, vim, etc.)

Git

If you are ever confused about jargon, please visit the dictionary.

What is Git?

Git is a version control system used to track changes in files.
It is commonly used by developers and computer science students to manage code.
It allows you to view past versions and revert changes—similar to "time travel" for your files.

Commits

A commit means saving the current state of your project at a specific point in time.
Think of it like creating a restore point.
Commits can be made frequently (e.g., daily, multiple times a day, or at milestones).

Example of a Commit

You are making major changes to a project.
April 5: You complete most changes and create a commit labeled "90% done".
April 6: Your manager introduces a bug, and you cannot identify it.
Because you made a commit, you can revert the project back to the earlier working version.
Without that commit, fixing the issue could take a long time.

Branches

A branch creates a separate version of your project from the latest commit.
Branches are used to test new features safely.
Once changes are complete, they can be merged back into the main project.

Collaboration

Imagine two people working in shifts on the same machine
Each person can make their own branches label them, and communicate how their progress is going in a clean manner
Everyday the other person can look at the other person's updates, choose to merge or make their own changes
Near-perfect collaboration without any of the hassles.

Main Concepts

Commits: A timestamp with all the changes made up to that point saved.
Branches: A divergence from the main code to work on small bugs/changes`.
Main/Master Branch: The default branch of a project.
Merge: Combining changes from one branch into another.
Collaboration: Git can allow for easier collaboration if instead of a computer you have a server.

Github

Github is a platform, and not necessarily a software. Think of a huge computer you rent that runs git for you.
It allows you to store your changes, commits and anything you would store on local
A Github "repository" can also be made available to multiple people

Anytime you want to think of github think of two different Git's running simultaneously
One version where all the coding happens (local machine) one where all these will eventually be stored

This is where we will be introducing new concepts:

Push : To push any commits you made on local and update them online
Pull/Fetch : To "pull" any commits made online (by your team) and download them (if fetching) and integrate them (if pulling)

Dictionary

Quite often I might use jargon to explain certain concepts. Here's a list of all important words and commands to keep a note of

Track - A verb used to denote that a file is being watched by git
Stage - An imaginary stage where files that were changed can be put if you would like to save them
Add - To add new or pre-existing files to the stage

```
git add -A
```

Commit - To "save" your changes within git

```
git commit -m "Git Message"
```

Commit - To "save" your changes within git

```
git commit -m "Git Message"
```

Push - To "push" your changes within git on local to github

```
git push
```

Pull - To "pull" your changes from github and to download and integrate them

```
git pull
```

Fetch - To "fetch" your changes from github and to download them

```
git fetch
```

Local - Your own machine that is connected to the internet

More Useful Git Commands

Here are some additional basic commands that will help you understand what is happening in your project:

Status

Shows the current state of your repository (very useful when confused)
```
git status
```

Log

Displays a history of all commits
```
git log
```

Branch (View Branches)

Shows all existing branches in your project
```
git branch
```

Create a New Branch

Creates a new branch to work on features safely
```
git branch branch-name
```

Switch Branches

Moves you from one branch to another
```
git checkout branch-name
```

Create and Switch Branch (Shortcut)

Creates a new branch and switches to it immediately
```
git checkout -b branch-name
```

Merge Branch

Merges changes from another branch into your current branch
```
git merge branch-name
```

Pull Latest Changes

Downloads and integrates changes from GitHub
```
git pull
```

Fetch Changes

Downloads changes from GitHub but does not merge them
```
git fetch
```

Remove a File from Staging

Unstages a file if you added it by mistake
```
git reset file-name
```

Rename a Branch

Renames the current branch
```
git branch -m new-name
```

Demo Files

```
git init SASEisawesome
```
cd SASEisawesome
Open a text editor here and make a file called shapes.html
Copy over the code from here

Copy the following lines whenever needed
```
git add -A
```
```
git commit -m "message"
```

Making a key to your github account
Head to github.com
Click on your profile picture and then the settings button
Scroll down till you see developer settings
On the left pane you will see a dropdown marked "Personal Access Tokens"

Click on the dropdown and click the Tokens(classic) button

Click the "Generate new Token" --> "Generate new token (classic)"

Write down a note
Check on expiry in one week (to ensure security)
Click on the repo button and unsure everything below it is also checked
Create your token and save it safely

Once you are done with your changes create a repository on github with the same name as the repo you made earlier
Copy the link given on github, and use the following code to update it

git remote add origin https://github.com/subbel/practical_workshop.git

```
git branch -M main
```
```
git push -u origin main
```